Milk from transgenic goat expressing human lysozyme for recovery and treatment of gastrointestinal pathogens.

Lysozyme is an important non-specific immune protein in human milk, modulating the immune response against bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to characterize the milk of a transgenic goat expressing a recombinant human lysozyme (rhLZ) in the milk, also testing the in vitro antibacterial activity of the rhLZ milk against pathogens of the gastrointestinal tract. Milk samples collected from Tg and non-transgenic goats (nTg) from the 3rd to the 11th week of lactation were submitted to physicochemical analyses, rhLZ semi-quantification, and to rhLZ antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus, Shiguella sonnei and Enterococcus faecalis. Viability and cell migration were studied in ileum epithelial cells (IEC-18) in absence or presence of E. faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (EPEC) and S. sonnei. The expression of ZO-1 and IL-6 genes was evaluated in IEC-18 to evaluate the effect of rhLZ milk on intestinal barrier function and intestinal inflammation. Physicochemical parameters between goat Tg and nTg milk were similar and within normal values for human consumption, with hLZ concentrations being similar between Tg (224µg/mL) and human (226µg/mL) milk. The Tg milk had bactericidal activity against M. luteus, no bactericidal effect on S. sonnei, and relative to discrete sensitivity against E. feacalis than controls. Better migrating parameters were observed in cells in culture with nTg and Tg than controls. In the presence of pathogens, the Tg milk promoted improved migrating parameters than controls, except for S. sonnei, with lower cell numbers in the presence of nTg samples and E. faecalis and S. sonnei. No differences in ZO-1 relative expression patterns were observed in cultured cells, with increased expression in IL-6 in cells exposed to nTg milk than controls, with the Tg group being similar to all groups. In conclusion, goat milk containing rhLZ demonstrated valid evidence for its potential use as a nutraceutical for improvement of health and nutrition quality in humans.

Avaliação de sinais e sintomas da disfunção temporomandibular e sua relação com a postura cervical / Evaluation of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction and its relation to cervical posture

Introdução: As disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM) podem acarretar alterações gerais nos movimentos mandibulares devido à modificação nas condições musculares e articulares. Objetivo: Avaliar os sinais e sintomas da disfunção temporomandibular e sua relação com a postura cervical. Material e método: Estudo transversal e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado na Universidade de Fortaleza, de agosto de 2011 a abril de 2012, em que 23 participantes com disfunção temporomandibular responderam o questionário ProDTMmulti sobre os sinais e sintomas da patologia, e foram fotografados para avaliação da postura da cabeça e mensuração da lordose cervical. Resultado: A idade média das participantes foi de 34,7 anos. A média do ângulo cervical foi de 29,7 graus e da lordose cervical, 3,6 cm. A cefaleia (82,6%), a dor muscular (78,3%) e o ruído na articulação temporomandibular (73,9%) foram os sinais e sintomas mais referidos pela amostra. A otalgia (26,1%) também figurou entre os sintomas, sendo o menos relatado. A maioria dos participantes relatou os sinais e sintomas bilateralmente. Não se observou correlação entre a medida do ângulo cervical e os sinais, sintomas e dificuldades pesquisados. Foi constatada uma correlação moderada entre a medida da lordose cervical e a dificuldade em abrir a boca (r= -0,4; p= 0,03). Conclusão Evidenciou-se que, na população do estudo, dentre os sinais e sintomas de DTM, a cefaleia é a mais referida, e que a maior dificuldade apresentada pelos participantes com disfunção foi a de mastigar. Evidenciou-se ainda correlação entre a dificuldade de abrir a boca e a lordose cervical. .

Introduction: The temporomandibular disorders (TMD) can cause general changes in mandibular movements due to changes in muscle and joint conditions. Objective: To evaluate the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and its relationship to cervical posture. Material and method: Cross-sectional and descriptive study with a quantitative approach conducted at the University of Fortaleza from August 2011 to April 2012, where 23 participants with temporomandibular disorders answered the questionnaire (PorDTMmulti) about the signs and symptoms of the condition and were photographed for measurement of head posture evaluation and cervical lordosis. Result: The average age of participants was 34.7 years. The average cervical angle was 29.7 degrees and 3.6 cm of cervical lordosis. Headache (82.6%), muscle pain (78.3%) and noise in the temporomandibular joint (73.9%) were the most commonly reported signs and symptoms by the sample. The ear pain (26.1%) was the least reported symptom. Most participants reported signs and symptoms from both sides. No correlation between the measurement of cervical angle and the sings, symptoms and difficulties surveyed was noted. A moderate correlation between the extent of cervical lordosis and the difficulty in opening the mouth (p=0.03; r= -0.4) was found. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that in the study population, among the signs and symptoms of TMD, headache was the most cited, and the greatest difficulty presented by participants about the dysfunction was chewing. It was revealed further correlation between the difficulty opening the mouth and cervical lordosis. .

Repercussões psicossociais do acidente vascular cerebral no contexto da família de baixa renda / Psychosocial effects of stroke in low-income family context

Compreender as repercussões psicossociais do Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) no contexto familiar de baixa renda. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva realizada em uma das sedes da Associação Beneficente Cearense de Reabilitação (ABCR), na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, no período de junho a dezembro de 2002. Participaram do estudo seis portadores de sequelas de AVC e seus familiares, independente da faixa etária, com média de seis meses de tratamento fisioterapêutico. Para coleta de dados, realizou-se observação livre e entrevista semiestruturada aplicada a pacientes e familiares, mediada por questões norteadoras específicas para cada grupo. Da análise de conteúdo emergiram cinco categorias. Resultados: As dificuldades do convívio familiar, os sentimentos de angústia e a ansiedade predominam na busca por recuperação, sendo o tratamento longo, com necessidade de determinação e conscientização do binômio paciente-família. O medo de perder o emprego, a responsabilidade, as despesas, a convivência familiar, além dos questionamentos sobre a doença e preocupações com restabelecimento e/ou cura estiveram presentes nos discursos de pacientes e familiares. Considerações finais: O AVC traz como repercussões psicológicas sentimentos de medo, angústia e limitação, contrastantes com a determinação da busca pela recuperação. Socialmente, o desemprego, a dependência física e financeira, e o isolamento social foram destacados.

To understand the psychosocial effects of stroke ? cerebrovascular accident (CVA) ? in a low-income family context. Methods: A qualitative and descriptive research held in one of the units of Associação Beneficente Cearense de Reabilitação (ABCR) in Fortaleza, Ceará, in the period from June to December, 2002. Six patients with sequel of CVA and their families joined in the study, regardless of age, with an average of six months of physiotherapy. For data collection we applied free observation and semi-structured interviews to patients and families, mediated by specific guiding questions for each group. From content analysis five categories emerged. Results: The difficulties of family life, the feelings of anguish and anxiety prevailed in the quest for rehabilitation, with the treatment being long, requiring determination and awareness of patient-family dyad. The fear of losing their jobs, the responsibility, the expenses and their family life were present in the discourse of patients and relatives, in addition to questions about the disease and concerns about recovery and / or healing. Final considerations: The stroke (CVA) brings as psychological effects feelings of fear, anguish and limitation, contrasting with the determination of the quest for recovery. Socially, the unemployment, both physical and financial dependence and social isolation were highlighted.